Incazelo kanye nesakhiwo se-Acrylonitrile
Ake siqale ngokwethula i-acrylonitrile ngaphambi kokuthi sidlulele kwezinye izihloko.I-Acrylonitrile iyinhlanganisela ye-organic enefomula yamakhemikhali i-CH2 CHCN.Ihlukaniswa njenge-organic compound ngenxa nje yokuthi iningi lakhiwa ama-athomu e-carbon ne-hydrogen.Ngokwesakhiwo, futhi ngokuya ngamaqembu asebenzayo (amaqembu abalulekile futhi ahlukile ama-athomu), i-acrylonitrile inezimbili ezibalulekile, i-alkene ne-nitrile.I-alkene iyiqembu elisebenzayo eliqukethe ibhondi ye-carbon-carbon double, kuyilapho i-nitrile ingeyodwa equkethe i-carbon-nitrogen triple bond.
Izakhiwo ze-Acrylonitrile
Manje njengoba sesijwayele ukuthi iyini i-acrylonitrile, ake siqhubeke sikhuluma ngezinye zezinto zayo ezibaluleke kakhulu.Uma ithengwa kubahlinzeki bamakhemikhali, i-acrylonitrile ngokuvamile iza njengoketshezi olucacile, olungenambala.Uma inombala ophuzi kuyo, lokhu ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi iqukethe ukungcola futhi kuzodingeka ukuthi igaywe (ukuhlanza uketshezi) ngaphambi kokuthi isetshenziselwe ukuhlangana kwamakhemikhali nezinto zalolo hlobo.Indawo yokubilisa ye-Acrylonitrile ikalwe ngokuhlolwa ukuze ibe ngu-77 degrees Celsius, ephansi ngandlela thize oketshezini oluphilayo.Ngaleli phuzu eliphansi lokubilisa i-acrylonitrile ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi inhlanganisela eguquguqukayo, okusho ukuthi ama-molecule e-acrylonitrile aphuma kalula esigabeni segesi futhi ahwamuke.Ngalesi sizathu, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuthi ungalinge ushiye ibhodlela le-acrylonitrile livulekele emoyeni ngoba lizohwamuka ngokushesha.
Sebenzisa
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-acrylonitrile kufana nempahla eluhlaza yokwenziwa kwe-acrylic ne-modacrylic fibers.Okunye ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kwamapulasitiki (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) kanye ne-styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN)), amarabha e-nitrile, ama-nitrile barrier resins, i-adiponitrile ne-acrylamide.
I-Acrylonitrile iye yasetshenziswa, kwinhlanganisela ne-carbon tetrachloride, njengesifuthasi sokugaya ufulawa nezinto zokucubungula ukudla ebhikawozi kanye nogwayi ogciniwe.Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo eminingi yezibulala-zinambuzane equkethe i-acrylonitrile ihoxiswe ngokuzithandela ngabakhiqizi.Njengamanje, i-acrylonitrile ihlanganiswe ne-carbon tetrachloride ibhaliswe njengesibulala-zinambuzane esinemikhawulo.U-51% wokusetshenziswa kwe-acrylonitrile yase-United States wawusetshenziselwa imicu ye-acrylic, u-18% wenza i-ABS ne-SAN resins, u-14% we-adiponitrile, u-5% we-acrylamide no-3% we-nitrile elastomers.U-9% osele wawungowokusetshenziswa okuxubile (Cogswell 1984).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-29-2022